Novel multisensor platforms for biomedical analysis of electrolytes and monitoring of ion-transport through biological membranes

Multielectrode sensor arrays and bi-sensor systems designed for short and/or real-time concentration measurements of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and pH are presented. The systems used for routine measurements in a small volume of blood and in biological liquids bathing a living human bronchial epithelial cell monolayer to characterize ion-fluxes are in focus [1, 2]. Several application-driven research milestones allowing realization of ion-senors idea will be characterized. They include inventing solid-contact ion-selective electrodes, junctionless reference electrodes, one-drop measurement, and signal interpretation by Nernst-PlanckPoisson model. Support provided by recommendations for clinical diagnostic measurements will be as well employed. Very recent results on dual-function reference electrodes that work as the electrochemically active body for ion-sensors and biosensors will be used to show new perspectives and challenges.